Oncology, 2011, issue 5

Editorial

O nových nemocech z povolání

prof. MUDr. Petr Brhel, CSc.

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):255

Main topic

Kolorektální karcinom - slovo úvodem

Igor Kiss

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):260

Epidemiology, etiology, screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, including

Štěpán Suchánek, Gabriela Vepřeková, Ondřej Májek, Ladislav Dušek, Miroslav Zavoral

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):261-266

the therapeutic procedures in colon and rectum Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant disease in the European Union countries. It is a genetic disorder which is characterized by gradual accumulation of changes which lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Currently there are three paths of cancerogenesis known: chromosomal and microsatellite instability and CpG islands methylation. Majority of CRCs (80–85 %) are represented by the sporadic form with the age as the most important risk factor. Only 14–19 % of CRCs rise from inherited predisposition. Due to the relative long time of cancerogenesis, the detection of...

Radiology in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, including interventional methods

Tomáš Andrašina, Vlastimil Válek, Igor Kiss, Aleš Neumann

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):266-269

Radiological methods and procedures have become an inseparable part of the screening, diagnosis, therapy and disease management of patients with colorectal cancer. Major areas of interest are CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) during screening, contrast-enhanced ultrasound in speeding up diagnostic procedures and magnetic resonance imaging, especially in the precise diagnosis of liver disease and local staging of rectal cancer. Radiological interventional methods have been more established in the last decade, as they are suitable for those patients where a standard solution fails. Interventional radiology extends the treatment options for...

Surgery and miniinvasive treatment of colorectal carcinoma

Zdeněk Kala, Petr Kysela, Lenka Ostřížková, Igor Kiss, Vlastimil Válek, Tomáš Andrašina

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):270-273

Background: The incidence of colorectal carcinoma has been increasing. Only a multimodal treatment provides the best results. Surgical R0 resection of all tumour sites is the goal of all treatment regimes. Material and methods: A survey on the literature and our experiences has been conducted. Results: Surgical treatment comprises endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal endoscopic microsurgery, laparoscopy, open surgery and cytoreduction surgery with the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The news is the total mesocolic excision that similarly to the total mesorectal excision provides fewer local relapses and higher long-term...

Radicality of liver resection and modern procedures to increase resectability

Miroslav Ryska, Daniel Langer, Ivo Buřič, Jiří Pudil

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):273-277

in patients with colorectal liver metastases from the perspective of a multimodal approach The occurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer is related to the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) which, in the Czech Republic, is one of the highest worldwide with approximately 90 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Overall, 9,000 new cases of the disease occur annually. Sixty percent of them develop generalized disease in the form of liver metastases. Radical treatment involves liver resection and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors report the types of liver resections, the degree of radicality, the factors resulting...

Chemotherapy and biological therapy of colorectal cancer with the aim to achieve

Jana Halámková, Jiří Tomášek, Šárka Bohatá, Igor Kiss

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):278-283

resectability of primarily unresectable disease Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the Czech Republic, and up to 40 % of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgical treatment is the primary modality of therapy leading to cure colorectal cancer even in advanced disease. The introduction of new chemotherapeutic agents in practice greatly increased treatment options in patients who are not surgically curable. In combination with biological therapy, it can be achieved operability even in recently unresectable stage and thereby significantly prolonged life of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma....

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy for rectal carcinoma

Luboš Holubec, Tomáš Svoboda, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):283-284

In recent years, there have been changes in approaching the treatment for rectal carcinoma. The treatment for rectal carcinoma is an example of a comprehensive multimodal therapy which includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy. The authors summarize the existing knowledge and recommendations for concomitant chemoradiotherapy of the rectum.

Review articles

Occupational malignant neoplasmas in the Czech Republic in 1991-2009

Petr Brhel, Zdeňka Fenclová, Markéta Petrovová

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):285-289

The authors have undertaken the analysis of all cases of occupational malignant neoplasmas which were reported in the National Register of Occupational Diseases in the Czech Republic. In the years 1991–2009, 1038 occupationally-related tumour diseases have been notified. The trend was decreasing, males were affected in 95 %. The mean age of persons at diagnosing malignant neoplasma was 67 years. The occupational malignant neoplasm of bronchi and lunge prevaleid, followed by the diffuse mesothelioma of pleura or peritoneum, neoplasms of an urinary bladder and skin. Ionizing radiation dominated as the cause of malignant tumours in 77 %...

The importance of dental preparations of hematooncology patient before stem cell transplantation

Richard Pink, Petr Michl, Petr Tvrdý, Jindřich Pazdera

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):290-293

The oral complication associated with cancer chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation may be prevented by excellent dental evaluation of the patient before onkology therapy and systematic oral hygiene intervention after chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach, systematic oral assessment are the most important factors in the prevention of significant complications.

Reduction of toxicity in first-line treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma

Jana Marková

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):294-296

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the best curable malignant diseases. Modern therapeutic strategies can cure 85–95 % of patients. Late effects have become increasingly important, especially cardiotoxicity and second tumors, that cause more deaths than HL 15 years after completion of treatment. The goal of the research is to find the therapy that maximizes tumor control and minimizes acute and longterm toxicity. German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) proved the possibility to reduce chemotherapy and radiotherapy without reducing the effectiveness of treatment in the HD10 study for early stages of HL. HD9 study for advanced stages demonstrated...

Role of cetuximab in treating metastatic colorectal cancer

Luboš Holubec, Vít Martin Matějka, Václav Liška, Jiří Salvét, Jana Dreslerová, Vladimír Třeška, Jindřich Fínek

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):298-300

Targeted biological therapy is becoming a standard in personalized medicine in patients with advanced cancer. An example of personalized oncology in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is the treatment with cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, in patients with an unmutated form of the K-ras gene. The authors deal with the role of cetuximab in treating metastatic colorectal cancer with a focus on the treatment of hepatic metastases.

Case report

Cetuximab in treating locally advanced head and neck tumours

Tomáš Pokrivčák

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):305-306

Head and neck tumours are the fourth most common cancer among men in Europe. The highest incidence is in the Mediterranean countries. The incidence rate of oropharyngeal cancer in the Czech Republic is 0.91/100 000 inhabitants with a mortality rate of 0.65/100 000 inhabitants; the most prevalent clinical stage of the tumour is clinical stage IV (58.9%). In palatine cancer, the incidence rate is 0.34/100 000 inhabitants with a mortality rate of 0.15/100 000 inhabitants. The most prevalent clinical stage is also clinical stage IV (26.7%). Women are significantly less affected than men, with the ratio of women to men being 4:1 in the Czech Republic....

Law in medicine

How to properly inform the patient?

Lukáš Prudil

Onkologie. 2011:5(5):302-304

The article deals with the legal aspects of informing oncological patients. Attention is paid not only to the content of the duty to inform, but also to the fact of who should be informed and to what extent. The article also mentions the possibility for a legal regulation in the future that will extend the duty to inform of health care professionals and facilities.