Význam bibliografi ckých databází v onkologii a postavení časopisu Onkologie

MUDr. Viera Bajčiová, CSc.

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):319  

Karcinomy štítné žlázy - slovo úvodem

Petr Vlček

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):324  

Genetics of Thyroid Cancer and its Molecular Target Therapy

Běla Bendlová, Šárka Dvořáková, Vlasta Sýkorová, Tereza Hálková, Eliška Václavíková

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):325-328  

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent neoplasm of endocrine system. The major type of thyroid tumor is papillary thyroid carcinoma, in which point mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes and RET/PTC rearrangements are found. The most frequent molecular genetic changes in follicular thyroid carcinoma are mutations in the RAS genes and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangemets. Point mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are crucial for development of medullary thyroid carcinoma, where germ-line and somatic mutations occur in familial and sporadic form, respectively. Mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes and moreover mutations in the TP53 and CTNNB1 genes are also...

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma - new view on therapy

Petr Vlček

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):329-332  

Thyroid carcinoma arises from follicular epithelium, have a hormonal activity, occur 5 more frequent in woman with all ages, Therapy is interdisciplinary: total thyroidectomy, radioiodine treatment in hypothyroidism, supression hormonal therapy and long term follow up. Is given management for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Kew words: differentiated thyroid cancer, thyroiectomy, radioiodine, follow up, thyroglobulin.

Functional imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors using metaiodobenzylguanidine

Kateřina Táborská

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):333-335  

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a norepinephrine analog which concentrates in the adrenal medulla and MIBG scintigraphy is the first choise of functional imaging of pheochromocytoma. Radioiodinated MIBG can be futher used both diagnostically and therapeutically for patiens with paraganglioma, carcinoid and medullary thyroid carcinoma. An effectiveness of MIBG treatment involve achieving symptom control and better quality of life. Biochemical response is observed in about half of the patiens, whereas radiographic can be seen in around one third of the patiens in the literature. There has not been clear consensus about the optimal administered...

Medullarythyroidcarcinoma - diagnostic a therapeutic alternative

Petr Vlček

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):336-339  

Medullarythyroidcarcinoma (MTC) accountsfor 8–10 % of allthyroidcancers. MTC ismainlysporadic, but anhereditarypattern (multipleendocrineneoplasia type 2 (MEN 2)) ispresent in 25–30 % of cases, as anautosomal-dominant traitdue to germlinemutations of the RET proto-oncogene. Theprimarytreatment of bothhereditary and sporadicforms of MTC istotalthyroidectomy and removal of allneoplastictissuepresent. Aftersurgery, measurements of serumcalcitonin as a tumourmarkerand carcinoembryonic antigen are markers in thepostsurgicalfollow-up of patientswith MTC as theyreflectthe presence of persistentorrecurrentdisease. Completeremissionisdemonstrated...

The worldvide expected numbers of thyroid cancers

Edvard Geryk, Teodor Horváth, Petr Kubíček, Radim Štampach

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):340-343  

Of the worldwide 213 179 new cases of thyroid cancer (TC) based in Globocan 2008 (IARC) are estimated 46.1 % cases in more developed and 53.9 % in less developed regions, 33 599 in the European Union and 934 in the Czech Republic in 2008; of the worldwide 35 383 deaths there were 27.3 % in more developed and 72.7 % in less developed regions, 3,581 in the European Union and 81 in the Czech Republic. In 2030 the expected new cases can reach more than 310 thousands of TC in the world, increased by 17.1 % in males and 7.1 % in females in more developed, by 58.7 % in males and 56.5 % in females in less developed regions, respectively by 14.1 % and...

Local chemoprophylaxis with Mitomycin C in moderate- and high-risk noninvasive bladder tumors

Michaela Matoušková, Miroslav Hanuš

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):344-346  

Local chemoprophylaxis of noninvasive bladder tumors has been used for more than 40 years. Several agents are used, with the most common including mitomycin C (MMC) and epirubicin. Opinions on therapeutic strategies vary. Based on EBM, on the contrary, it is evident that adjuvant administration of cytotoxic drugs into the bladder prolongs the tumor-free interval. The paper presents long-term experience with intravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors.

Multidisciplinary approach in the radical treatment of patients with liver metastases

Miroslav Ryska

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):347-349  

of colorectal cancer from the perspective of a surgeon Radical resection of metastases is currently the most effective treatment modality in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Conversion therapy is effective for the patients, whose metastases are not primarily resecable. With this therapy is achieved a downsizing in 25%, followed by performing liver resection. Large hepatic resection and biochemotherapy is suitable to perform at the specialized department on which is guaranteed a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. This approach not only guarantees low operating risk and use adequate (neo)adjuvant therapy, but also...

Neuroendocrine tumors

Eva Sedláčková

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):350-354  

Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with very different properties. A correct diagnosis of tumor type leads to specific treatment. Current treatment options for these tumors include not only surgery, local therapy for hepatic metastases and, in selected cases, chemotherapy, but significant advances have been achieved in targeted biological therapy, including the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin analogs, TKIs and mTOR inhibitors. Major progress has also been made in therapy with unsealed sources coupled to somatostatin analogs.

Renal cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. Differences in biology accross the age spectrum

Viera Bajčiová

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):355-359  

Renal tumors occur accross the age. The age specific differences are described not only on histology type of tumor, but also on epidemiology, ethiology, pathogenesis, biology studies and clinical behavior. These age specific differences are noticed also in the same type of the tumor and have an effect on prognosis and survival of the patients. The remaining question is regarding current treatment guidelines – are these guidelines really suitable for all age groups or not.

Hyperfractionated radiation therapy of 70-75 Gy over 5 weeks with concomitant administration of cetuximab in

Jakub Cvek, Jiří Kubeš, Břetislav Otáhal, Pavel Komínek, Eva Skácelíková, Magdalena Halamka, David Feltl

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):359-362  

advanced head and neck cancers: a phase I trial Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the maximum radiation therapy dose with a standard dosing regimen of cetuximab. An analysis of acute toxicity and efficacy of concomitant anti-EGFR therapy and hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy with concomitant integrated boost (HARTCIB) of 70-75 Gy was performed at 5 weeks of treatment for advanced head and neck cancers. Material and methods: In a prospective, nonrandomized trial, 13 patients with nonmetastatic stage IV head and neck cancer with a median tumorous infiltration of 72 ml were treated. Five patients received a total...

2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress, Stockholm

Zdeněk Mechl

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):365-368  

Novinky ze světa cetuximabu

Tomáš Svoboda

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):369-370  

Wine in prevention of cardiovascular diseases and aging

Milan Šamánek, Zuzana Urbanová

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):371-372  

We have been drinking wine at least for 10 000 years or longer, in our region already from Celtic and Germanic times. Favorable effects on prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes and hypertension were demonstrated recently, following attempts to use alcohol for treatment in ancient times. Favorable effects of wine drinking could be seen also in aging population. The best results for men are reached by daily drinking of 20–40 g alcohol at dinner. A moderate dose for women represents half of the dose for men.

Autodidaktický test 6/2011

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):374  

Díky novému průzkumu žádají odborníci po celém světě zlepšení edukace, zvýšení povědomí a podpory pro pacienty s nádory hlavy a krku

Onkologie. 2011:5(6):364