Perspektivy a možnosti lékařské techniky

Ing. Martin Augustynek

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):51  

Karcinom ovaria - slovo úvodem

Radovan Pilka - editor hlavního tématu

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):58  

Preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors

Daniela Fischerová, Michal Zikán, Ivana Pinkavová, Jiří Sláma, Pavel Freitag, Pavel Dundr, Andrea Burgetová, David Cibula

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):59-64  

The majority of patients who suffer from an early or advanced stage of ovarian cancer complain about symptoms, mainly gastrointestinal ones. The pelvic examination in ovarian cancer detection is limited by the adnexal position in the pelvis and frequent extraovarian spread of disease. The evaluation of tumor marker CA 125 is justified only in suspicion of ovarian cancer, and rather is to be used in the follow up of ovarian cancer patients during oncological treatment. Otherwise the known high false positivity of CA 125 may cause unnecessary further examinations and invasive intervations. The evaluation of new tumor marker HE4 might be worthy...

CA125/MUC16 in diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer

Luděk Záveský

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):65-67  

The most fatal gynecologic malignancy, ovarian cancer, causes more than 50% deaths in this tumor group. Most of cases (>60%) are diagnosed in advanced stages with poor 5-year survival prognosis. Diagnostic tools for an effective early detection or screening have not been found yet. Treatment possibilities (surgery, chemotherapy) are insufficient while high tendency to recurrence and chemoresistance occurs. CA125/MUC16 has been one of the most extensively used markers for a detection of primary tumors, or recurrence for a long time since its discovery in 80´s. However, the structure and biological functions of CA125 have been discovered relatively...

Antiangiogenic therapy for ovarian cancer

František Nový

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):68-70  

At the end of last year, the options of treatment for ovarian cancer expanded to include antiangiogenic therapy. The European Commission approved the use of bevacizumab (Avastin®) for a new indication: “Avastin in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is indicated for the front-line treatment of advanced (FIGO stages III B, III C and IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.” Since 2005, bevacizumab has been indicated for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and, since 2007, for the treatment of metastatic breast and kidney cancers and recurrent or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

Primary surgical treatment in ovarian cancer

Jaroslav Klát

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):71-73  

Completeness of the primary surgical staging in early-stage ovarian cancer has a strong impact on the prognosis and it could distinguish between low and high risk patients for the recurrence of the disease. The standard treatment of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma includes radical cytoreductive surgery which aims at removing a visible tumor followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Complete resection is achieved when no macroscopically visible residual tumor is left. The prognostic value of complete debulking on overall survival has been confirmed. In patients presenting with extensive metastatic tumor spread, complete tumor resection may require...

Epidemiology of cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer in the world population

Edvard Geryk, Bohuslav Svoboda, Martina Kubecová, Petr Kubíček, Pavla Líbalová, Dalibor Pacík

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):74-78  

Of a total of 1.043 million worldwide new cases of cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer in 2008 based in Globocan 2008 (IARC), 31 % were estimated in more developed and 69 % in less developed countries; of 489 thousand deaths from cancer, 27 % were in more developed and 73 % in less developed countries. By 2030 an estimated worldwide increase is by 550 thousand, i.e. 53 % for new cases and 303 thousand, i.e. 62 % for deaths. The expected increasing will be by 65 % up to 1.19 million new cases and 80 % up to 639 thousand deaths in less developed countries, and by 19 % (up to 382 thousand new cases) and 29 % (up to 168 thousand deaths) in more...

New options of expensive pneumo-oncological therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in the

Jana Skřičková

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):79-82  

first line based on morphological and molecular genetic diagnosis in the Czech Republic Current diagnosis of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cannot rest merely on the determination that it is NSCLC without providing any further specification. Accurate morphological classification of NSCLC and classification into individual subtypes (adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma…) as well as genetic testing are all required. When the morphological and molecular genetic diagnosis has been accurately established, patients with NSCLC can receive agents whose efficacy, while meeting certain criteria, offers a chance...

Metformin - a new star in cancer treatment?

Petra Tesařová

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):82-84  

Metformin, an oral biguanide antidiabetic drug, is the most widely prescribed agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The drug mainly works by lowering glucose production by the liver, and thus lowering fasting blood glucose. Metformin acts as an insulin sensitizer, which leads to inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver, and has been found to be beneficial especially in overweight patients with diabetes. Metformin use has been postulated to contribute to a reduced risk of pancreatic, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers. Metformin‘ s mechanism of action was examined recently and determined to be initiated by metformins role as an...

Selected acute conditions among patients enrolled in a programme of the palliative cancer care

Ladislav Slováček, Stanislav Filip, Birgita Slováčková, Iva Slánská, Peter Priester

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):85-89  

Medical uninfluenced progression of cancer and previous anticancer therapy, the patient has received are a common cause of sudden deterioration of general condition. We are talking about a medical emergency and patients impair its overall quality of life, including its threat to life. The authors deal with its communication of selected acute conditions in patients with end-cancer therapy and included in the programme of palliative cancer care.

Therapy for Ewing´s Family of Tumours in adults

Dagmar Adámková Krákorová, Štěpán Tuček, Jiří Tomášek, Pavel Janíček, Jaromír Černý

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):91-95  

Ewing´s Family of Tumours is most frequently observed in children and adolescent age. 90 % of patiens are younger than 20 years. Prognosis is unfavourable, with 5-year overall survival from 55 to 70 % in localized, not exceeding 20 % in primarily metastatic disease. The results of the therapy are getting worse by increasing age. Multidisciplinary treatment planning is mandatory in all cases of this tumor. We introduce our experience with EURO E.W.I.N.G. 99/EWING 2008 protocol in adult patients.

First-Line XELOX Plus Bevacizumab Followed by XELOX Plus Bevacizumab or Single-Agent Bevacizumab as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Phase III MACRO TTD Study

Eduardo Díaz-Rubio, Auxiliadora Gómez-España, Bartomeu Massutí, Javier Sastre, Albert Abad, Manuel Valladares, Fernando Rivera, Maria J.Safont, Purificación Martínez De Prado, Manuel Gallén, Encarnación González, Eugenio Marcuello, Manuel Benavides, Carlos Fernández-Martos, Ferrán Losa, Pilar Escudero, Antonio Arrivi, Andrés Cervantes, Rosario Dueñas, Amelia López-Ladrón, Adelaida Lacasta, Marta Llanos, Jose M. Tabernero, Antonio Antón, Enrique Aranda, on behalf of the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment Of Digestive Tumors (TTD)

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):96-103  

Patient with neuroendocrine tumor of the lung

Hana Honová

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):104-106  

We describe case history of 25 years old woman with pulmonary form of neuroendocrine tumor. There was overproduction of ACTH (adenocorticotropic hormon) resulting in Cushings syndrome. After the surgery we detected residual tumor in mediastinum with relapsing hormonal symptoms. Therefore we started the systemic treatment with somatostatin analogs. The disease became resistant after 3 years and therefore was the patient indicated for bilateral adrenalectomy. Despite of very good clinical outcome the primary tumor remains in mediastinum and the further treatment remains problematic.

Case report of a complete response of an ENT tumour to concomitant radiotherapy with cetuximab

Radim Němeček

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):107-108  

The case report describes an 81-year-old highly multimorbid patient with a locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the right nasal passage who, despite a transient reduction in the quality of life during concomitant radiotherapy with cetuximab, achieved long-term complete remission of the disease.

Treatment of lung cancer with gefinitib in first line in a patient with positive EGFR mutation

Ivona Grygárková, Vítězslav Kolek

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):110-112  

Lung cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. Its incidence in men in the Czech Republic, although slightly decreasing, in 2009, was 87.45 cases per 100000 inhabitants, in women there has been a continual increase in incidence, which, in 2009, reached 35.75 cases per 1000000 inhabitants. Almost 75 % of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease (st.IIIB, IV). In the past, patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy, in recent years biologic treatment has been introduced into clinical practice which focuses on cellular signaling pathways and their influence. These therapeutic products are marked under...

Novinky v diagnostice a léčbě primárních nádorů mozku - závěry mezioborového setkání „Winter GLIO TRACK Meeting“ 2012

Pavel Šlampa

Onkologie. 2012:6(2):113-114