Komunikace s handicapovanými

prof. ThLic. MUDr. Květoslav Šipr, CSc.

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):106  

Leukemie - slovo úvodem

Michael Doubek

Onkologie. 2015:9(3)  

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Markéta Hadrabová

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):107-111  

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a low-malignant lymphoproliferative disease affecting the elderly population. It is the most frequent leukaemia in the Western world where it accounts for nearly 30 % of all leukaemias. The pathogenesis of CLL is still precisely unknown, even though much progress has recently been made in this field. Novel prognostic factors are being studied that could determine risk groups of patients requiring early and intensive therapy initiation. Up to now, however, treatment has been indicated according to the stage of the disease. In recent years, CLL treatment has been evolving rapidly. Although chemoimmunotherapy,...

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Libor Červinek

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):112-118  

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a clonal haemopoietic disorder that is manifested with a peak at the age of 65 to 72 years. The pathophysiology of the disease is associated with genetic changes in the stem cell‘s nucleus. In terms of diagnosis, it is essential to examine the bone marrow and provide cytogenetic and, optionally, molecular genetic testing, on the basis of which the disease is classified accurately and the patient‘s prognosis and optimal treatment are determined. The treatment strategy can be divided into two groups. The treatment recommended for patients with low risk consists of supportive, stimulation, or immunomodulatory...

Chronic myeloid leukemia in 2015

Daniela Žáčková

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):119-122  

Natural course and particularly prognosis of the patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) improved fundamentally during last fourteen years thanks to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeted therapy introduction. Currently, three TKI (imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib) are available for the first line treatment, and two other efficient drugs (bosutinib and ponatinib) can be used in the case of failure or intolerance of previously administered TKI. Regular and standardized treatment efficacy monitoring is crucial for appropriate and timely change of therapy when required responses are not met in given time points. Prognostic significance...

Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

František Folber, Štěpán Hrabovský, Michael Doubek

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):125-127  

Initial symptoms at diagnosis, essential diagnostic work-up procedures, current treatment guidelines and prognosis of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed in this review article. A separate section deals with several special subtypes of this disease and new drugs or treatment approaches available recently or tested within ongoing clinical trials.

Guidelines for the targeted antifungal therapy of invasive fungal infection in pediatric hematology-oncology

Petr Sedláček, Vanda Chrenková, Petra Keslová, Peter Múdry, Jaroslav Štěrba, Júlia Horáková

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):129-134  

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) in immunocompromised children are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early targeted therapy is the key factor for successful outcome. However, treatment options against IFI in children are limited. Not always it is easy to timely and to accurately confirm the diagnosis of IFI and properly identify the etiologic agent. Use of several available potent antifungals in children is complicated by the lack of pharmacokinetic and safety data. In our report, we would like to summarize current recommendations for targeted antifungal therapy in pediatric hemato-oncology based on our experience and recommendations...

First experience with Oncotype DX test in patients with breast cancer

Zuzana Ušiaková, Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):135-138  

Hormonal dependent breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease from a molecular and clinical perspective. The relapse risk of early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy varies. Validated predictive markers concerning adjuvant cytotoxic treatment are still lacking in ER+/HER2- breast cancer, which has a good prognosis in general. This can lead to the inefficient chemotherapy indication. Molecular classification of breast cancer reports evidence about the heterogeneity of hormonal dependent breast cancer and its stratification to different groups with different characteristics. Oncotype DX is a multigene assay with a prognostic...

A use of epidemiology data for a cancer risk assessment in persons exposed to carcinogenic agents

Vladimír Bencko

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):139-141  

The traditional approaches and study designs in cancer epidemiology have not been very successful in identifying and evaluating adequately the potential risk and/or protective factors associated with the disease. The main reasons for the failure were often due to not relevant care to principles of validity of study pattern, small study sample size, and inadequate exposure data. In this paper, issues and approaches relevant to these two challenges are discussed. Multicentre study were proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism about meta-analysis of independent studies. A multicentre study of large cohort or case–control...

Staging re-evaluation of the nodal status of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) of the left upper lobe based

Michal Benej, Ivan Čapov, Jan Wechsler, Adam Peštál, Zdeněk Chovanec, Martin Páral, Stanislav Špelda

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):142-145  

on revised ESTS guidelines and our experience Staging and re-staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma of the left upper lobe represents a multidisciplinary challenge for diagnostics and therapy of this serious disease. Neoadjuvant therapy is an established therapeutic approach for multimodal therapy of non-small cell lung carcinoma with pre-surgery diagnosed nodal spreading into the mediastinal compartment. The autonomy of lymphatic drainage of the upper left lobe causes that the cancer cells produce primary lymphatic metastases in the aorta-pulmonary (A-P) window area. These lymphatic nodes are also a part of nodal compartment of the mediastinum....

Is there any place for radiotherapy in ovarian carcinoma treatment?

Miluše Dolečková, Dana Králová, Jana Kutová, Alena Chourová, Petr Berkovský, Jana Rusinová

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):146-150  

Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma is high mortality disease despite of radical surgery and introduction of chemotherapeutical regimes with platinum derivates. Recurrence is more then 60 % (first of all intraperitoneal) and majority of patients dies within 5 years. Objective: The aim of retrospective study was to evaluate whole abdomino-pelvic radiotherapy for stadium III patients followed after surgery and 6 series of chemotherapy (CHT). Study group: Group of 211 ovarian cancer patients were treated in Department of oncology of Hospital Ceske Budejovice between 1985 and 1999, retrospective evaluation was made for 206 of them. 106 of them was...

Treatment of female patient with infliction central nervous system by HER2 -

Iveta Kolářová, Jaroslav Vaňásek

Onkologie. 2015:9(3):151-154  

positive breast cancer due first ASCO guidelines 2014 Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has developed a panel of experts which conducted a systematic review of the available literature. Panel of experts developed consensus recommendations. The aim of our work is to compare guidelines and evaluate the used therapeutic procedure. Case: We present a case of 32 year old female with breast cancer, hormone dependent, HER2 positive. During adjuvant therapy occured metastatic lesion in the CNS (central nervous system). Course of the disease is presented, during which the various modalities were combined, local and systemic...