Platí Hippokratova přísaha i v roce 2016?

prof. MUDr. Marta Munzarová, CSc.

Onkologie. 2016:10(2)  

Basal cell carcinoma

Petr Arenberger, Jiří Ettler

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):62-65 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.015  

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant epidermal tumour arising from the basal cell layer. It grows slowly, but destroys the skin as well as surrounding tissue in the site area. However, it has an extremely low risk of metastasis. Basal cell carcinoma has a characteristic clinical and histological presentation. Treatment options include surgical resection, curettage, cryotherapy, diathermocoagulation, local immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, targeted systemic therapy, and radiotherapy. Some of them are discussed in detail in the present article.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas: current view of rare hematologic malignancies

Jindřich Polívka

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):66-71 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.016  

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare and heterogenous group of lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin. The diagnosis of primary cutanous lymphomas require the intergration of clinical and histopathologic data. Treatment depends on the subtype of cutaneous lymphoma and clinical stage of the disease. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Review article aims to present the current view of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to primary cutaneous lymphomas, is more focused on mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.

Skin paraneoplastic syndromes

Kateřina Švarcová, Alena Machovcová

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):72-75 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.017  

Paraneoplasias represent heterogeneous group of symptoms and diseases that can be irregularly found in association with some tumors and there is not always clear pathophysiological relationship between the neoplasm and the paraneoplastic sign. Paraneoplasia is usually caused indirectly by substances released by the tumor or by autoimmune mechanism and other unclear processes.

Treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Zdeněk Linke

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):80-86 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.019  

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour is the most frequent non-epithelial tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, there has been a very rapid progress in the options of its systemic treatment. The efficacy of biological agents in palliative indication has been the reason for their introduction even in the adjuvant setting. Imatinib is the mainstay of the first palliative line as well as of the adjuvant indication in high-risk resected GISTs. Following its failure in the initial dose, its escalation is recommended and only subsequently treatment with other biological agents, such as sunitinib or regorafenib. There is a whole range of...

Rectovaginal fistula as a complication of surgical treatment in patients with rectal cancer

Libor Ševčík, Petra Guňková

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):87-90 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.020  

Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas are among the most serious complications of rectal resection that occur in 0.9–10% with a case fatality rate of 6–22 %. Subsequent reoperations can increase the rate of local recurrence and reduce the overall survival of patients. Fistulas can be classified based on the time of origin, site of origin, and relation to the staple line. Anastomotic sepsis and infected perianastomotic collection, usually due to anastomotic dehiscence, are the most common causes of developing a fistula. The risk factors for developing fistulas include anastomoses within 4–7 cm, total mesorectal excision, chemoradiotherapy,...

Neuromuscular symptomatology as primary manifestation of a malignant neoplasm and a phylogenetic importance

Jana Neuwirthová, Břetislav Gál, Pavel Smilek, Hana Binková, Pavla Urbánková, Rom Kostřica

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):92-97 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.021  

of behaviour changes induced by proinflamatory cytokines Pro-inflammatory cytokines and hormonal changes in oncological diseases induce metabolic, neurological and psychic changes which could be presented as first symptoms of an occult malignant neoplasm. Moreover, the production of several types of auto- antibodies could make symptoms similar to autoimmune diseases. Specific behaviour changes due to pro-inflammatory signals from the periphery are characteristic for all mammals and have their own phylogenetic importance, which have been developed with wounded and sick animals in order to redistribute their energy resources to facilitate healing...

Work ability in cancer survivors

Veronika Šutorová, Marta Romaňáková

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):98-101 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.022  

Re-entry to work in cancer survivors is difficult and it became society-wide issue. Disability and invalidity concerns nearly fifty percent patients. The cause concerns not just the oncological illness (side effects, functional disorders), but mostly attached mental disorders as anxiety and depression diseases. To solve the problem we recommend keeping an eye and select patiens under the risk of suffering from mental failure and work disability, advise them to visit psychotherapeutic care during whole oncological care, not just in time up to asking for work disability.

Axtinib in treatment metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Igor Richter, Josef Dvořák, Věra Hejzlarová, Jiří Bartoš

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):76-78 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.018  

Aim: A retrospective evaluation of efficacy and toleration of axitinib. Patients and methods: A total of 11 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma previously treated by sunitinib were evaluated. Axitinib was applied in doses 10 mg/kg twice a day. Response rate was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. We defined two parameters: overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: We described the toxicity in all patiens, predominantly grade I-II. Three patiens were hospitalized. One patiens died of hemoptysis. We did not described the complete remission, partial remission we desribed in 3 patients (27.2 %) and stabilization in...

Metastatic primary non-resectable colorectal cancer mimicking ovarian cancer in a 38-year old pregnant woman

Markéta Bednaříková, Vít Weinberger, Luboš Minář, Otakar Bednařík, Eva Jandáková, Jitka Hausnerová, Zdeněk Řehák, Šárka Bohatá, Dalibor Valík, Lenka Ostřížková, Dagmar Brančíková

Onkologie. 2016:10(2):102-106 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.023  

We report a very rare case of a 38-year old woman coming in for a planned gynaecological examination in 12th week of pregnancy suffering from symptoms considered to be associated with her pregnancy. The ultrasound picture showed a missed pregnancy and a suspicious ovarian cyst and the patient was referred to University Hospital Brno. After examination there was a strong suspicion for ovarian cancer with ascites and peritoneal and liver metastases. The biopsy from a mass of posterior vaginal wall was performed and pathologist's conclusion was grade II adenocarcinoma, possibly ovarian origin. Subsequently according to the immunohistochemical...