Karcinom prsu

MUDr. Katarína Petráková, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):159  

Metronomic chemotherapy in breast cancer

Tomáš Svoboda

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):161-165 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.035  

Metronomic therapy is a treatment method based on a long-term administration of low drug doses (mainly cytotoxics) in shorter intervals or continuously. It is associated with lower toxicity, however, better tolerability is not linked with treatment results worsening. On the contrary, higher effectivity was shown in many trials. Moreover, there is a quality of live improvement and better patient´s compliance with metronomic therapy mainly due to oral form of therapy application. So there is no wonder we can see a rebirth of this treatment type and it´s use more frequently already now.

Lobular breast cancer

Katarína Petráková

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):166-169 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.036  

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer. The majority of tumours are grade 2, have positive oestrogen receptors (ER), low proliferation and no HER2 receptor amplification. During the first five years, ILC has a better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In the 6–10 year follow-up interval, the overall survival rates are more favourable for patients with IDC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity for ILC than mammography (MG); however, its benefit is not unequivocal. In neoadjuvant studies, ILC is reported to have lower pCR rates, which has no effect on the overall...

Male breast cancer

Zuzana Bielčiková

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):170-174 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.037  

Breast cancer in men is a rare disease whose treatment is derived from the treatment of breast cancer in women. It is caused partly by lack of data, partly by a estimated similarity of the disease in both sexes. New findings on the clinical and biological characteristics of the male breast cancer should confirm the similarity of female breast cancer or provide evidence that it is a completely different disease requiring individual approach. Deficiencies in treatment strategies can't be caused by the sex of the patient nor the incidence of a rare disease. These are reasons why a male breast cancer deserves special attention.

Controversial issues in breast cancer radiotherapy

Iveta Kolářová, Jaroslav Vaňásek

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):175-180 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.038  

Treatment of breast cancer consists of a multidisciplinary approach that involves surgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. Radiation therapy is a fundamental part of breast cancer treatment. The objective of adjuvant radiation therapy is to eradicate any tumor deposits remaining following surgery for patients treated by either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. This therapy improves overall survivals, and also decreases risk of locoregional recurrence. The work is focused on current findings of breast cancer radiotherapy after total mastectomy as well as breast-conserving surgery, and controversial trends such as the accelerated...

Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland by oncologist - systemic treatment

Andrea Jurečková

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):181-184 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.039  

Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland are relatively rare, their incidence is 36–60 cases per 1 million people (i.e. 0.5–1 % of all malignant tumors). Anyway, an escalating incidence has been reported recently. It comprises variable groups of tumors with different biological activity. They are more frequent in women than in men. The tumors are usually divided into several histological categories: differentiated thyroid cancer DTC; (papillary – PTC, follicular – FTC and Hürthle cell carcinoma), medullary thyroid cancer – MTC and anaplastic thyroid cancer – ATC. Lymphomas, sarcomas and metastatic lesions of...

Radiotherapy in treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Vladimír Rak, Petr Pospíšil

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):185-188 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.040  

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most feared oncological diagnoses and its incidence is on the rise. The main difficulty is a lack of effective treatment options. Even when deploying all standard cancer treatments, long term survival is not a common phenomenon. Surgery is a mainstay of treatment, there is hardly any doubt about it. It is still the only curable treatment modality. Role of chemotherapy is also largely clear. Even in the early stage of disease, there is a certain risk of tumor dissemination and chemotherapy is the only way how to deal with this issue. The role of radiotherapy is less clear. Large amount of scientific data...

Prognostic significance of microvesel density determined using CD34 and CD105 antibody in rectal cancer patients treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy

Josef Dvořák, Veronika Sitorová, Igor Richter, David Buka, Igor Sirák, Radek Zapletal, Zuzana Donátová, Jana Hátlová, René Vobořil

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):189-192 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.041  

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of microvessel density determined using CD34 and CD105 antibody in patients treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods: In total 59 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were studied retrospectively. Results: The median of follow-up was 75 months (6.3 years). The median microvessel density determined using CD34 antibody was 104.55 capillaries / mm2. Five-year overall survival according to the median of microvessel density using CD34 antibody: CD34

Risk adapted treatment in clinical stage I. non-seminomatous germ cell tumours

Tomáš Pokrivčák, Radek Lakomý, Rostislav Vyzula

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):193-195 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.042  

The most common malignancy in men aged 15–40 years are testicular germ cell tumors. Thanks to the high sensitivity to oncology therapy belongs to the group of highly curable oncologic diseases with favorable prognoses. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors represent approximately 45 % of all testicular tumors. Most of them are captured in stage I. According to the recommendations of professional societies is the standard procedure after primarily orchiectomy inconsistent. It can be used surveillance, cisplatin-based chemotherapy or retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. The probability of relapse depends on risk factors. The most important factor...

Extraventricular, supratentorial ependymomas. Two case reports

Ondřej Kalita, Miroslav Vaverka, Miloslava Zlevorová, Yvona Klementová, Magdalena Megová

Onkologie. 2016:10(4):196-198 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.043  

Extraventicular, supratentorial ependymomas are very rare tumors in adults. Thus, factors affecting prognosis are poorly understood. These case reports present two male patient who was evaluated for first epileptic seazures, respectively for increasing headaches, nausea and vomiting. Both MRI scans showed extraventricular tumors in right brain temporal lobe. Radical tumor extirpations were performed. Histology revealed anaplastic ependmoma WHO gr. III. Subsequently, both patients received radiotherapy. The first patient had tumor recurrencies with repeated surgery and chemotherapies. He expirated 29 months after diagnosis. The second patient...