Nádory ledvin

doc. MUDr. Milada Zemanová, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2017:11(1)  

Renaissance of immunotherapy in treating kidney cancer

Tomáš Büchler

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):8-10 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.002  

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has traditionally been considered an immunogenic malignancy. Despite this, the majority of existing immunotherapeutic strategies have brought only little benefit to patients with a generalized tumour. In some clinical settings, however, a novel generation of immunotherapeutic drugs, particularly those from the group of checkpoint inhibitors, has shown superiority over standard targeted therapy, while having relatively low toxicity.

Sunitib in adjuvant treatment for renal cell carcinoma

Kateřina Kopečková

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):11-13 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.003  

Despite the extensive possibilities of systemic treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma have been still missing positive adjuvant trials. Several studies with immunotherapy based on interferon alfa or interleukin -2 failed. The adjuvant trials with TKI concluded with conflicting results. The ASSURE study compared sunitinib or sorafenib with placebo was not able to detect any difference in diseases free survival compared to placebo and was associated with high rate of toxicity and discontinuation of treatment. The adjuvant trial S-TRAC comparing sunitinib and placebo resulted in prolonged diseases free survival 6.8 years vs. 5.6 years. None of...

The update on treatment surgical management of renal tumors

Petr Macek

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):14-18 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.004  

Surgery is a method of choice for the management of localized and locally-advanced renal tumors. In cT1a (up to 4 cm) tumors nephron-sparing approach (= partial nephrectomy) is current recommended standard, provided it is technically feasible and there are no contraindications. The amount of nephron-sparing surgeries increases over time also owing to new technologies such as 3D imaging during surgery, robot-assisted surgery, better hemostatic instruments and greater experience, which all lead to shorter or no warm ischemia during nephron-sparing surgery. However, there is no long-term functional benefit in elderly patients over 75 years of age....

Advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with ARTA (androgen receptor targeted agents) and radium 223

Jana Katolická

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):19-23 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.005  

Several novel androgen receptor targeting drugs have a significant role in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Abiraterone in combination with prednisone and enzalutamide and so with radium 223 have shown efficacy not only in prolonging survival, but also in progression-free survival (PFS), time to first symptomatic skeletal event (SSE), time to PSA progression and PSA response. The safety profile of androgen receptor targeted agents (ARTA) and radium 223 is very favourable. Chemotherapy and ARTA are used in the sequential therapy of mCRPC.

Nutrition and tumour disease

Eva Meisnerová

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):24-28 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.006  

Tumour diseases are accompanied by weight loss with the development of nutritional deficiency and occurrence of malnutrition. In clinical practice, nutritional preparation prior to surgery for malignant disease is still being neglected. When there is continuing weight loss and no possibility of adequate oral intake in ongoing cancer treatment, supplemental parenteral nutrition is indicated. In the palliative care setting, the goal of nutritional support is to enhance the quality of life.

Rational use of psychotropic drugs in oncology – selected indications, interactions, tips for practice

Jana Gregorová, Petra Holečková

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):29-33 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.007  

Indications psychotropic drugs in oncology include also chemotherapyinduced neuropathy, delirium, nausea, emesis and affect appetite. Psychotropic drugs are often used "off label" and should be used in patients to attention. Levels of some of psychotropic drugs may be affected by a number of concomitantly administered drugs due to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Dexamethasone, phenytoin, and carbamazepine are often the comedication with the abovementioned indications, among the important enzyme inducers and may reduce the effect of psychotropic drugs. Combinations of psychotropics potentially increased risk of pharmacodynamic drug interactions.

Uveal melanoma

Johana Glezgová

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):34-37 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.008  

The most common primary intraocular cancer in adults is malignant uveal melanoma. It is a relatively rare disease and represents 3.7% of all cases of melanomas. This paper summarizes the diagnostic possibilities, clinical features and treatment of uveal melanomas.

Malignant melanoma metastasis as a cause of gastrointestinal tract obstruction

Hana Palčáková, Kamila Somerová Podkalská, Bohumil Zálešák, Stanislav Kalabus

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):38-40 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2017.009  

Malignant melanoma is a tumour disease of the skin the incidence of which rises annually. Despite the constantly improving diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the mortality has failed to decline. Malignant melanoma is very dangerous due to its capacity to metastasize even after a long time since primary surgical excision. Metastases to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are not an exception and, what is more, are very often clinically silent. The present article describes two cases wherein malignant melanoma metastasized to the GIT, and pinpoints the fact that these metastases were silent in both the cases and manifested by a subsequent complication...

Breast cancer a chronic disease? The Anti-HER2 therapy

Markéta Pospíšková, Milan Kohoutek

Onkologie. 2017:11(1):41-43  

Advanced breast cancer is up on rare cases generally incurable disease. Thanks to new knowledge about the biology of tumors, which have brought to the treatment of new therapeutic options, an significant extension of survival for this diagnosis. Mainly inclusion of anti HER2 treatments (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansin, lapatinib), thanks to which the OS in patients with HER2 gene amplification extended up to 56 months. But it is still an incurable illnes sand must, in addition to the efforts to extend survival, think mainly to improve or at least maintain the quality of life of the patients.