Imunoterapie v onkologii

Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):195  

Real-accessible novelties in immunotherapy from the perspective of a medical oncologist working in the Czech Republic

Ondřej Kubeček, Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):199-204 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.074  

Immunotherapy is currently a fully established treatment modality in oncology. It is still a relatively new treatment option which has made the most considerable progress in the therapy of malignant melanoma. Immunotherapy has been widely used in the therapy of both solid and hematological malignancies during the last decade. This review is focused on the most recent innovations in the field of immunotherapy, which have been made during the last five years and are currently available in the Czech Republic.

Biomarkers for Predicting Response to Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Simona Bořilová, Peter Grell, Ondřej Bílek, Igor Kiss

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):205-212 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.075  

Despite the very promising therapeutic results of checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), only 20-40 % of patients benefit from this treatment. Since the introduction of ICIs into daily practice, predictors have been constantly investigated to avoid unnecessary toxicity and to reduce the financial expenses. Nowadays, we use PD-L1 expression to predict the response to anti-PD1 / PD-L1 immunotherapy. However, its usefulness is currently debatable because of its varied definition of threshold, and spatial/temporal heterogeneity Another approved predictor is microsatellite instability. Although it is a strong predictor for colorectal cancer, cannot be considered...

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy are irreplaceable in the treatment of cancer

Denisa Pohanková, Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):213-218 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.076  

The fact that ionizing radiation can be not only an immunosuppressive has been known for a long time. However, until the advent of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, there has been increased interest in the possibility of using immunotherapy and radiotherapy in combination. Although this combination is accepted already as beneficial, there are still many issues that are yet to be solved, such as the timing of both modalities, the definition of optimal doses and regimen. This review tries to summarize the essential information we have about this combination, which can also serve as a clue in planning the treatment strategy.

Immunotherapy in neoadjuvant setting

Martina Spisarová

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):219-220 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.077  

Immunotherapy has become new treatment option in oncology in the last decade. This treatment strategy has spread to many diagnosis. Excellent results were achieved, especially with checkpoint inhibitors, in patiens with metastatic disease has been studied in more than a hundred clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant setting in patients with early stage disease. Promising results with well manageable adverse events has been evidenced in patients with malignant melanoma and breast cancer till now, these two diagnosis have already results from phase III clinical trials. However, more extensive trials will help us to find, if this way...

Immunotherapy in the treatment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Jozef Michalka, Andrea Janíková, Zdeněk Král

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):221-225 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.078  

The classic Hodgkin lymphoma is nowadays one of the most treatable tumours of all. The majority of patients reach durable remission after completion of the first-line treatment, but even subsequent therapies can be potentially curative. In case of failure of the conventional treatment based on chemotherapy and radiation therapy, innovative therapy is indicated, namely brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 inhibitors, also called immunotherapy. Similarly to solid cancer therapy, immunotherapy seems highly effective, even in cases of the classic Hodgkin lymphomas with heavily pre-treated patients, in addition with a favourable toxicity profile. This is the reason...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour: advances in treatment

Zdeněk Linke

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):226-232 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.079  

Imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib have remained the standard therapy for metastatic GIST. Avapritinib (a novel TK inhibitor) has been newly approved as the first-line treatment of metastatic GIST with a PDGFR D842 mutation, but has not been shown to be superior compared with regorafenib in the entire GIST population. Other interesting tyrosine kinase inhibitors include cabozantinib, pazopanib, and ripretinib. Data on the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors and immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 drugs have been limited so far. Repeated administration of imatinib after failure of previous treatment with imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib appears to have a minimum...

Non-melanoma skin cancers

Alena Fialová

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):233-239 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.080  

Non-melanoma skin cancers represent a group of tumors with one of the most common occurrence in the population. The guidelines of their treatment have been changing very dynamically in last years. Surgery remains as the first treatment choice, but new molecules significantly prolong life in the case of locally advanced or metastatic tumors. The goal of this article is to describe the problems of the most common non-melanoma skin cancers and use this information in clinical practice.

Perioperative treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer

Michal Eid

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):240-245 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.081  

The incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in the Czech Republic is decreasing. However, despite the development of oncology treatment, mortality remains high. In the very early stages, long-term survival can be achieved by endoscopic intervention. Nevertheless, it is possible only in a minority of patients. In stage II and III, radical resection with D2 lymphadenectomy is the main approach of a curative treatment. Even so, the prognosis remains serious due to a high rate of recurrence. Thus, it is now clear that in locally advanced cancers, radical resection alone is not sufficient and perioperative systemic chemotherapy is currently the standard of...

Health literacy in patients with oncological diseases: a literature review

Miloš Čakloš, Ivana Bóriková

Onkologie. 2020:14(5):246-250 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2020.082  

Health literacy is the degree to which patient have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions. Active involvement of patients in the treatment of oncological diseases requires an adequate level of health literacy. The limited level of health literacy negatively affects the treatment of oncological diseases and is an obstacle in achieving the quality of life of oncological patients. The aim of the paper is to search and analyze research empirical studies that have assessed health literacy in patients with oncological disease.