Karcinom prsu - úvodem

MUDr. Jana Prausová

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):6  

A brief overview of epidemiology of malignant breast neoplasm in the Czech Republic

Jan Mužík, Ladislav Dušek, Jitka Abrahámová, Jana Koptíková

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):7-11  

Malignant diseases present a serious health challenge for the Czech population, particularly with respect to the increasing number of newly diagnosed cancer patients each year. Breast cancer is the most important cancer in women. In long-term view, there has been an upward trend in breast cancer incidence, with stagnation in recent years. In 2005, 5 533 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among Czech women, representing 105.4 malignant tumours per 100 000 women, or 17 % of all newly diagnosed malignancies in women. In contrast to this, breast cancer mortality has stagnated in the long term; 1 916 women died in 2005 (36.5 per 100 000 women),...

Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for breast cancer

Katarína Petráková

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):12-18  

The paper presents an overview of the current options of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is mainly indicated in tumours with negative hormone receptors. A combination of anthracyclines and taxanes is recommended. In particular, patients with a higher risk of relapse benefit from taxanes in adjuvant therapy. Treatment with aromatase inhibitors should be a part of adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal patients while, in premenopausal patients, the standard treatment is tamoxifen. The most effective cytostatic drugs in the treatment for metastatic breast cancer are anthracyclines and taxanes. When selecting...

Biological therapy for breast cancer

Luboš Petruželka

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):19-27  

The contemporary era of targeted, so-called "patient-tailored", oncological therapy essentially began upon the discovery of hormonal receptors and targeted clinical use of tamoxifen. Initial clinical use of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer started the era of bioregulatory nonhormonal therapy for breast cancer (12). Targeted molecular therapy is no longer a mere subject of research but a reality in the clinical practice of breast cancer treatment.

Radiotherapy of the breast cancer

Martina Kubecová

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):28-31  

Radiotherapy belongs to basic treatment modalities of breast cancer. As radical treatment methods is used mainly as postoperative method. In this case it decreases locoregional reccurences and has effect upon survival. As palliate method it suppresses pains, stops bleeding and pathological fractures. Radiotherapy is the most often combined with other treatment modalities.

Lymphedema - complication of complex breast cancer treatment

MUDr. Martin Wald

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):32-35  

Secondary lymphedema, a chronic and progressive disease, is a frequent complication in the complex treatment of breast cancer. The incidence of lymphedema increases after radiotherapy, and its severity is also dependent on the extent of axillary lymph node dissection. Lymphedema can affect all soft tissues which are drained by the respective axillary lymph nodes. The primary goal of the therapy should be detection of the early stages of lymphedema, which are founded foremostly upon personal history, clinical examination, and lymphoscintigraphy. Standard therapy involves Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT). Peroral administration of proteases can...

Lymphadenectomy and sentinel node detection by gastric cancer

Čestmír Neoral

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):36-38  

Gastric cancer is a major malignant disease; 2 434 (48,7/100 000) males and 2 064 (39,4/100 000) females were involved with the disease in the Czech Republic in 2005 (i. e. 41 % in males and 50 % in females more then in 1989) (1). Tendency of medical care is to offer an optimal method of treatment. Surgeons have realized that their chances are exhausted; nevertheless, radical surgery still represents the only way of complete cure. Recently, a benefit of examination of the sentinel lymph node and an extent of lymphadenectomy as a port of the a procedure are discussed in relation to the diagnosis.

Fertility sparing surgery in early cervical cancer

Lukáš Rob, Helena Robová, Marek Pluta, Petr Škapa

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):39-43  

The aim of the study is to evaluate fertility sparing surgery in early stage cervical cancer. Review was done from Medline and PubMed database and abstract book from International Symposium on Radical Hysterectomy Dedicated to Hidekazu Okabayashi – Kyoto 2007. There are different procedures which preserve fertility and which have different surgical approaches: abdominal radical trachelectomy which is done completely from laparotomy, completely laparoscopic procedure is laparocopic radical trachelectomy and „Dargent radical trachelectomy” which combine laparocopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and vaginal trachelectomy with resection...

Management of oropharyngeal mucositis pain and the role of transdermal opioids

MUDr. Samuel Vokurka

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):44-47  

Oropharyngeal mucositis after high-dose chemotherapy or head and neck radiotherapy is accompanied with significant dyscomfort and pains. Treatment and nursing options include local mouthwashes with bland solutions or viscous gels with or without topical anesthetics. In more serious OM, tramadol and morphine are treatments of choice, with transdermal fentanyl as a possible alternative. Pain management is one of basic components of global OM care. It must be individually targeted and stepwise escalated.

The possibility of laboratory testing for onkological patients. Part 2

Mirka Nekulová, Marta Šimíčková, Dalibor Valík

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):48-52  

The examinations of tumor markers and the other laboratory parameters in serum, plama or tissue of patients with malignant diagnoses, their validity (sensitivity and specificity), biological half-time, timing and applications in terms of recommendations of international working groups for tumor markers are summarized in the view of clinical oncology. Also individual characteristics for tumor markers and their accurate indications are presented as well as perspective metods for future.

Breast cancer and subsequent primary malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic 1976-2005

Edvard Geryk, Marie Bendová, Jiří Kozel

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):54-61  

The number of multiple cancers were evaluated among 118 546 women diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer during 1976–2005, of which 10 352 (52.7 %) were initial and 9 309 (47.3 %) subsequent breast cancers, registered as of 17. 10. 2007. There were 17 085 (14.4 %) women with two, 2 138 (1.8 %) with three and 438 (0.4 %) with four and more primary cancers. The subsequent 8 509 (43.3 %) breast cacers were the 2nd, 673 (3.4 %) the 3rd, 87 (0.4 %) the 4th and 40 (0.2 %) the 5th till the 12th diagnosis. The numbers of 10 352 primary breast cancers increased during 1976–1994 and then decreased, numbers of 9 309 subsequent breast cancers...

Prevention of jaw osteonecrosis prior to oncological therapy

Radomír Hodan, Maryla Mendreková, Josef Gruna, Jakub Cvek

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):62-65  

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is an uncommon but feared complication of long-term therapy with bisphosphonates in patients with tumoral metastases to the skeleton. Osteoradionecrosis of the lower jaw arises as a serious late complication related to radiotherapy in the oral cavity. These complications significantly interfere with the quality of life and food intake. The mechanism of origin of osteonecrosis is not well understood but adherence to preventive measures prior to and during the therapy with bisphosphonates or radiotherapy in the oral cavity would most likely result in a reduced incidence of this unpleasant complication.

Advanced germ cell testicular tumour at teenage male

Michal Zápotocký, David Sumerauer, Hubert Mottl

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):66-67  

We present the case report of teenage patient with long history of palpable testicular resistance. At the time of diagnosis the mixed germinal testicular tumour was advanced with much worse prognosis and more complicated treatment compared to localised tumour.

IV. dny diagnostické, prediktivní a experimentální onkologie a I. sympozium o cílené biologické léčbě, 26. - 28. 11. 2008 Olomouc

Eva Dokoupilová

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):69-70  

Autodidaktický test 1/2009

Onkologie. 2009:3(1):68