Oncology, 2016, issue 5
Main topic
Histiocytoses in kids and young adults
Zdenka Křenová, Viera Bajčiová, Jaroslav Štěrba
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):206-209 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.044 
Histiocytoses (LCH and non-LCH) are rare diseases caused by an excess of cells called histiocytes, which can infiltrate the skin, bones, lungs, liver, spleen and the central nervous system. These disorders can range from localized involvement that resolves spontaneously, to progressive disseminated forms that can be debilitating and sometimes life-threatening. There are two widely recognized categories for histiocytoses: LCH and non LCH. According to disease extent we divide LCH to single-system LCH (involvement of a single organ or system) and multisystem LCH (involvement of 2 or more organ systems). Patients with SS-LCH of the skeleton,...
Perinatal neuroblastoma
Pavel Mazánek
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):210-214 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.045
Neuroblastoma is most common solid tumor in neonatal period. It´s presented usually as a localized adrenal mass, diagnosed on prenatal or postnatal ultrasound, less frequently is diagnosed as a palpable abdominal mass during clinical examination. Vast majority of these adrenal neuroblastomas can be safely managed without any medical intervence only by meticulous observation an expectation of spontaneous regression.
Retinoblastoma
Karel Švojgr
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):215-217 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.046
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a common tumor of childhood. Approximately half of the patients with Rb carry a somatic mutation of a retinoblastoma (Rb1) gene, this form of Rb is called hereditary; usually both eyes are affected. A second form of Rb is nonhereditary, unilateral Rb. The diagnosis of Rb is made by ophthalmologists during a detailed examination under general anesthesia that determines a stage of retinoblastoma, number of tumors in an affected eye and describes a seeding. Pediatric oncologists add other staging tests, including magnetic resonance imaging of a brain and orbits. Treatment of Rb includes local techniques performed by ophthalmologists...
Pediatric GIST
Viera Bajčiová
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):218-223 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.047
Pediatric GIST is an extremly rare tumor that differs from the adult GIST its molecular-genetic analysis, pathogenesis and associated syndromes, clinical behavior and response to biology therapy. This article presents an overview of the molecular classification of wild type pediatric GIST and its importance for clinical practice.
The rhabdomyosarcoma treatment in children
Ondřej Rohleder, Kristýna Melichárková, Pavel Mazánek, Viera Bajčiová, Peter Múdry
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):224-227 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.048
The rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. Current treatment standards are defined by EpSS and COG cooperative groups. Risk adapted treatment is adopted for different prognostic groups of patients with long term overall survival within range of 60–80 %. New treatment options in Europe randomize irinotecan and mTOR inhibitor to standards in high risk and very high risk patients. Maintenance therapy is scheduled for period of 6-24 months according to risk group. Locoregional therapy will be randomized as pre – or postsurgery, standard or higher radiotherapy dose for post induction FDG PET positive...
Review articles
Targeted therapy in treatment of blood cancer
Lenka Doležalová
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):231-236
Hematologic malignancies represent a broad spectrum of tumor diseases affecting the bone marrow (leukemia) and lymph nodes (lymphomas). In the treatment a number of procedures are applied, which can also be combined. In low-risk patients at the beginning of treatment, only observation or supportive therapy are sufficient; in advanced and acute stages patients have to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. Other treatment includes the application of growth factors, immunomodulatory therapy, transfusions, anti-infective or chelation therapy. Medical procedure and selection of drugs is always based...
Original articles
Prognostic significance of expression of protein p53 in rectal cancer patients treated
David Buka, Josef Dvořák, Veronika Sitorová, Igor Richter, Igor Sirák, Radek Zapletal, Zuzana Donátová, Jana Hatlová, René Vobořil
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):228-230 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.049
with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy Background: Tumor suppressor gene TP53 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of the expression of the product of this gene-protein p53 in patients treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods: In total 59 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were studied retrospectively. Results: The median expression of protein p53 was 70%. Five-year overall survival according to the median expression of protein p53: p53 < 70 = 53%, five-year overall survival...
Case report
Vacuum assisted therapy of complicated surgical wounds
Daniela Šimonová
Onkologie. 2016:10(5):238-242 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2016.051
This case report describes process of complicated secondary wound healing in obese patient with diabetes, who underwent abdominal surgery for advanced endometrial cancer. After all standard steps of conservative care were applied without satisfactory outcome, vaccuum therapy was successfully used.