Oncology, 2019, issue 1

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Martina Zimovjanová, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):3

Main topic

Possibilities and pitfalls of diagnostics brest cancer in young women

Petra Steyerová, Andrea Burgetová

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):9-13 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.002

Breast cancer in young women is always a diagnostic challenge. Due to its low incidence in women younger than 40 years of age there is no preventive surveillance by imaging recommended in the population without elevated risk. Most of the tumours manifest as subjectively palpable masses however this is usually in higher stages and with involvement of locoregional lymph nodes. This article presents the use of breast imaging modalities – ultrasonography, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging – in young women with emphasis on diagnostic value and limits of the methods. Short case reports show possible pitfalls in the diagnostic process...

Breast cancer and pregnancy

Zuzana Bielčiková

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):14-18 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.003

Breast cancer (BC) and pregnancy can be viewed from several perspectives (see points below). Current knowledge and recommendations by their complexity include all of them and can be summarized as follows: 1. Pregnancy planning in women after treatment for BC: there is no doubt about the safety of pregnancy in women after treatment of BC, the optimum gap between treatment of BC and pregnancy is the subject of ongoing studies. 2. Fertility preservation in BC patients: optimal strategy includes oocyte/embryo cryopreservation in the period prior to chemotherapy and LHRH analogue administration during its course. 3. Management of gestational BC treatment:...

The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of young patients with breast carcinoma

Tereza Kohlová

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):19-23 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.004

Breast carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women globally. Recently the number of women with the disease developing in young age has been increasing. In 2016 7,220 women were diagnosed with breast carcinoma, with 139 women under-35 and with 221 cases being reported in the 35–39 age groups. It is quite a small group – less than 2 % in under-35 age group, 5 % out of the total in under-40 age group. Carcinomas in these women are more aggressive, commonly accompanied by genetic mutation. Quite frequently the diagnosis is made during pregnancy or in the period of breastfeeding. The best medical outcomes occur when adopting...

Hormonal therapy in premenopausal patients with SR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer

Markéta Palácová

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):24-28 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.005

In premenopausal patients with SR+ and HER2– tumours, hormonal therapy is the standard treatment modality. Adjuvant HT with tamoxifen continues to be part of treatment. A benefit of ovarian ablation has been confirmed, not only in combination with tamoxifen, but medium – and high-risk premenopausal patients may newly receive exemestane along with ovarian ablation. The duration of adjuvant HT has extended; in small tumours, it is possible to administer HT for five years only, in others the duration of adjuvant HT should be five years at least, and those with positive axillary nodes have been shown to benefit from 10-year use. Recently, multigene...

Review articles

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva

Petr Škapa

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):30-36 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.006

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an etiologically heterogeneous entity evolving on the basis of two separate pathways. Most tumors originate from gene mutations (especially tumor suppressor gene TP53) in the environment of chronic vulvar dermatoses independently on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Minority of cases belongs to the spectrum of multicentric lower genital tract neoplasia which is causally linked to sexually transmitted high-risk HPV infection. Each etiopathogenetic sequence is defined by a histologically distinct precancerous lesion – HPV positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), formerly known as vulvar...

Testicular tumours

Nikol Rušarová, Hana Študentová, Marie Bartoušková

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):37-42 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.007

Germ cell tumours are the most common malignancies diagnosed in young men. In the recent years, as is also the case with anumber of other malignancies, their incidence appears to have an increasing trend; however, particularly due to interdisciplinarycollaboration of urologists and clinical oncologists, the treatment of these patients is very successful. It is a group of tumours witha very good prognosis and, even in the case of advanced disease, many patients can be cured completely.

Case report

Remote intracecerebellar haemorrhage after resection of the lobe's tumor

Štefan Reguli, Jan Krajča, Radim Lipina

Onkologie. 2019:13(1):43-45 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2019.008

In our case report, we describe a case of fatal remote cerebellar haemorrhage in a patient following supratentorial craniotomydue to extirpation of temporal lobe glioblastoma. We also present an overview of expert literature dealing with this issue, anda discussion regarding possible causes of this complication.