Imunoterapie v méně častých indikacích

MUDr. Jindřich Kopecký, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):111 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.031  

New potential checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy

Jindřich Kopecký

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):115-117 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.022  

Over the last decade, immunotherapy has been established as part of various treatment algorithms across solid tumors. And although the use of checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 receptors and anti-PD-1 ligand provides a therapeutic benefit, there is still a large group of patients in whom this therapy is not effective. Further research is currently underway to find other possible ways to make improvements. In the following article, we present less known checkpoint inhibitors which have therapeutic potential in the near future.

News in immunotherapy of dMMR/MSI-H CRC

Marián Liberko, Renata Soumarová

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):118-122 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.023  

Colorectal carcinoma is a heterogenous disease. Advancements in molecular biology of tumors lead to definition of specific subtypes. For many of them targeted therapy known as personalized (precision) treatment is available. dMMR/MSI-H CRC is one of these subtypes, where immunotherapy leads to significant and long lasting response. This review summarizes current options in treatment of dMMR/MSI-H CRC.

Immunotherapy in upper gastrointestinal malignancies

Miroslav Žiaran

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):123-126 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.024  

Since the introduction of the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab in 2011 in the palliative treatment of malignant melanoma with previously unprecedented results, immunotherapy has become firmly established in the treatment of a number of cancers. Given the encouraging results of immunotherapy in the first-line and the second-line setting compared to standard of care, checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1) begin to permeate into the adjuvant setting or within the tumor-agnostic approach, including upper gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. This review offers a summary of clinical trials investigating immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors...

Immunotherapy for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Stanislav John

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):127-129 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.025  

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has been long count to one of the most severe diagnosis in solid oncology. Increasing incidence and persistently high mortality lead to intensive research into this highly malignant disease. Chemotherapy, in specific cases supplemented with radiotherapy, is still the most effective treatment modality. The use of targeted therapy is also limited. As with other cancers, great hopes are placed in the renaissance of immunotherapy. The following article aims to provide a brief summary of the knowledge so far gained on the treatment of patients with PDAC by modulating the immune system and outlining new possibilities and...

Immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma

Ján Podhorec, Radek Lakomý, Alexandr Poprach, Igor Kiss

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):130-133 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.026  

Uveal melanoma is the most common ocular malignancy. Despite its common origin in melanocytes, it differs fundamentally from cutaneous melanoma in its biological properties. Metastatic disease has a poor prognosis. It is a chemoresistant disease and the effect of immunotherapy, which marked a breakthrough in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, is unsatisfactory in uveal melanoma. A clear shift in treatment is tebentafusp, which belongs to the group immTAC (immuno-mobilizing monoclonal TCR against cancer). Tebentafusp was the first drug to demonstrate prolongation of overall survival in a recently published phase III study. The possibilities and benefits...

Immunotherapy in non-melanoma skin cancer

Miroslav Důra

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):134-141 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.027  

Antitumoral immunotherapy is a golden standard in modern therapy in the increasing number of metastatic or locally advanced solid tumors. This treatment achieves significant and long-lasting treatment responses and reveals prolongation of progression free survival, overall survival, together with quality-of-life improvement. In the field of malignant cutaneous tumors, the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy is well-known in metastatic melanoma, in which the immunotherapy became a standard of the modern systemic treatment. The effect of the immunotherapeutic drugs was also established in metastatic and locally advanced non-melanoma skin cancer, namely...

The issue of assessing the degree of dependence for the purposes of the care allowance for people with cancer

Libuše Čeledová, Rostislav Čevela

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):142-150 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.028  

The authors clearly acquaint with the issue of assessing the degree of addiction, especially for people with cancer. The fragmentation of the care allowance process, the long processing times, even beyond the statutory deadlines, require a rapid change in the whole process, including the dependency assessment system. The authors propose to prepare new criteria for assessing dependence for the purposes of the care allowance inspired by the German system, to leave the assessment to the competence of assessment assistants at the regional branches of the Labor Office and to concentrate the whole management process under the Labor Office of the Czech Republic.

Severe secondary immune thrombocytopenia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Dominika Écsiová, Pavel Vodárek, Petra Rozsívalová, Filip Vrbacký, Kateřina Hrochová, Petr Hoffmann, Pavel Žák, Lukáš Smolej, Martin Šimkovič

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):151-154 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.029  

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Euro-American population and is often complicated by autoimmune cytopenias. In patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia, one of the possible causes is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and rarely pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). For the last few years, oral targeted inhibitors have been available for the treatment of CLL. The use of these molecules has significantly improved the prognosis of patients. Our case report describes the successful administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag before targeted therapy with the Bruton tyrosine...

Chemoresistant myeloid sarcoma responding to salvage therapy with combined azacitidine and venetoclax

Miloslava Hisemová, Václav Ptáčník

Onkologie. 2022:16(3):155-158 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.030  

The case report presents a female patient with multifocal myeloid sarcoma in the soft tissues, skin, and lymph nodes in the presence of concomitant myelodysplastic syndrome in whom two series of inpatient induction chemotherapy (high-dose cyta­rabine and mitoxantrone, i.e. the HAM protocol) failed to induce complete remission and resolution of extramedullary lesions. Combined outpatient treatment with azacitidine (a hypomethylating agent) and venetoclax (a Bcl-2 inhibitor) has been shown to have a potential to overcome tumour chemoresistance.