The role of the child life specialist in a complex treatment of children and adolescents with oncological diagnosis
Experiences of the psychologist of the supportive team from abroadMain topic

Gražina Kokešová Kleinová, Alice Řezníčková, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):67-70 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.012  

The article introduces the role of Child Life Specialist during a process of a complex therapy of children and adolescents with oncological diagnosis. The text is based on personal experience gained by the first author during her fellowship in the Royal Marsden Hospital in London, in October 2021. The Child Life Specialist is educated and trained to help children, young patients and their families to cope with the stress from chronic and painful treatment, feelings of fear, loss of control, isolation, disability and others potentially traumatic events. Child Life Specialist uses a play as an important tool to communicate with small children and to...

Role of a palliative care team psychologist in children with HR neuroblastomaMain topic

Zuzana Kocábová, Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):64-66 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.011  

Psychological and psychotherapeutic care represents an integral part of multidisciplinary approach provided by palliative care team. In children with severe diagnosis and unfavourable prognosis such as HR neuroblastoma, psychological care plays a crucial role in providing support to the sick child and his family with the intention to help them in adaptation in the new challenging situation and in the process of anticancer treatment. The type of psychological care and frequency of psychological interventions are determined by family needs, treatment phase and individual characteristics of the patient. The article presents the role of psychologist in...

Problematika paliativní medicíny v kontextu dětské onkologieEditorial

MUDr. Lucie Hrdličková

Onkologie. 2022:16(2):59  

Renální karcinom v roce 2021Editorial

doc. MUDr. Alexandr Poprach, Ph.D.

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):3  

Tisková zpráva 13. PragueONCOInformation

We Make Media

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):53-54  

Practical strategies for breaking bad news in oncologyAt a glance

Zdeňka Pechačová, Tereza Drbohlavová, Radka Lohynská

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):50-52 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.009  

Background: Breaking bad news is a common situation in the care of cancer patients and is challenging for both patients and healthcare professionals. Despite the fact that every patient or situation is unique there are generally valid rules of communication which can be considered as skills and it is possible to learn them. Purpose: The aim of this contribution is a brief description of tools for more confident communication - the protocol for breaking bad news SPIKES and the strategy for responding to emotions NURSE. Good management of specific communication situations in oncology significantly contributes to better patient...

Surgical treatment of a frontal bone lesion in a patient with multiple myelomaCase report

Petr Skalický, Ondřej Bradáč

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):46-49 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.008  

Although the main modality for the treatment of multiple myeloma is systemic therapy, in some cases surgical procedures may be justified. Surgical solution may be indicated in case of bone complications (deformities, stability), but also other symptomatic lesions to ensure a better quality of life. It becomes important especially in the absence of diagnosis. When bone infiltration is suspected in any lesion of the skull, emphasis must be placed on detailed examination by imaging methods - especially by means of magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory examinations and referral of the patient to the appropriate specialized clinic.

News, opportunities and contradictions of the health insuranceReview articles

Libuše Čeledová, Rostislav Čevela

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):38-45 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.007  

The article acquaints the reader with the changes in the field of health insurance in 2022, which relate to the use of long-term nursing and with the selected duties of nursing and medical examiners in the context of temporary incapacity for work. The authors focused mainly on the issue of extending the one-year support period and in the end propose to adjust the duration of temporary incapacity for work to 52 weeks, similar to that in Slovakia.

Treatment options for rectal cancerReview articles

Filip Pazdírek, Michal Vjaclovský, Marek Grega, Jiří Hoch

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):33-37 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.006  

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in all developed countries. Thanks to the introduction of colorectal cancer screening in the Czech Republic, an improvement in the situation has been observed in recent years, especially a stabilization of incidence and a decrease in mortality. Colon and rectal cancer has many similarities, but there are some differences between them, especially in treatment. The current treatment of rectal cancer is multimodal. The refinement of imaging methods, surgical and onco­logical treatment has led to a significant improvement in the prognosis of patients in recent years. The risk of local recurrence...

Treating acute myeloid leukaemia in patients over 60 years of age in the era of targeted therapyReview articles

Miloslava Hisemová, Zdeněk Ráčil

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):25-32 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.005  

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of elderly patients. Recently, the survival rates in this group have improved, as has the quality of life on which great emphasis is placed, given the limiting aspects of this serious haematological malignancy. In the era of targeted therapy with novel medicinal products, the efficacy rate of AML treatment, excluding the distinct subtype of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) which has its own treatment regimen, has improved significantly. At the same time, a new term has been coined - semi-intensive therapeutic approach which can serve as a bridge to allogeneic transplantation (bridge-to-transplant),...

New treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinomaMain topic

Alexandr Poprach, Radek Lakomý

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):20-24 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.004  

The dynamic development in the treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is remarkable. Until a few years ago, we thought that the era of targeted treatment was ending and that this therapy would be replaced by immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Subsequently, however, it turned out that the administration of checkpoint inhibitors alone, or a their combination, would probably not be sufficient, and in some patients a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy would be more appropriate. It is currently considered to be the most topical submission of these combinations concomitantly. Although it is necessary to wait for data...

The role of radiotherapy in renal cell carcinoma and the potential of its combination with immunotherapyMain topic

Milan Vošmik, Mustafa Aml Banni, Libor Hruška

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):16-19 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.003  

Immunotherapy has become a commonly used systemic treatment for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The role of radiotherapy in renal cancer has shifted from palliative irradiation to the stereotactic, cranial and extracranial, radiotherapy and radiosurgery, which can be an effective alternative to surgery, especially in oligometastatic disease. The hypothesis that radiotherapy can activate the immune system and thus increase the effectiveness of immunological treatment seems promising. Unfortunately, there is still very little clinical data on the true efficacy of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma....

Adverse effects of combination immunotherapy in renal cancer, lung cancer, and melanomaMain topic

Jindřich Kopecký, Ondřej Kubeček, Aneta Kyllarová, Peter Priester

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):10-15 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.002  

Over the last decade, immunotherapy has been implemented into therapeutic algorithms of various solid tumors including melanoma, renal cancer (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors can be administered as both monotherapy or in combination with another checkpoint inhibitor. However, the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAE) becomes relevant in combined immunotherapy. The growing number of tumors being treated with immunotherapy rises a question whether there are differences across various tumors in terms of irAR incidence and severity. The aim of this article is to address these issues.

Imaging methods and their role in postoperative follow-up for renal carcinomaMain topic

Michal Standara

Onkologie. 2022:16(1):6-9 | DOI: 10.36290/xon.2022.001  

Recommendations of professional authorities on follow-up imaging in patients after surgery for renal cancer vary. Despite general agreement on the need for individualization according to the degree of risk in a particular patient, risk stratification methods are not consistent. In the practice, the resultant follow-up pattern is always an intersection of the need to detect disease recurrence in an early stage, minimization of the patient's radiation burden, and availability of a particular imaging modality. Most recommendations suggest that, in the first three years after surgery, follow-up with CT of the chest and abdomen should be done at least once...